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Balti Tee 1990 · Ülesanne 13

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Prove that the equation x2−7y2=1x^{2}-7 y^{2}=1 has infinitely many solutions in natural numbers.

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Solution: For any solution (m,n)(m, n) of the equation we have m2−7n2=1m^{2}-7 n^{2}=1 and

1=(m2−7n2)2=(m2+7n2)2−7⋅(2mn)2.1=\left(m^{2}-7 n^{2}\right)^{2}=\left(m^{2}+7 n^{2}\right)^{2}-7 \cdot(2 m n)^{2} .

Thus (m2+7n2,2mn)\left(m^{2}+7 n^{2}, 2 m n\right) is also a solution. Therefore it is sufficient to note that the equation x2−7y2=1x^{2}-7 y^{2}=1 has at least one solution, for example x=8,y=3x=8, y=3.