Päevaülesanne

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Balti Tee 1997 · Ülesanne 8

Arvuteooria

If we add 1996 and 1997, we first add the unit digits 6 and 7. Obtaining 13, we write down 3 and "carry" 1 to the next column. Thus we make a carry. Continuing, we see that we are to make three carries in total:

1111996+19973993\begin{array}{r} 111 \\ 1996 \\ +1997 \\ \hline 3993 \end{array}

Does there exist a positive integer kk such that adding 1996⋅k1996 \cdot k to 1997⋅k1997 \cdot k no carry arises during the whole calculation?

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Ülevaade

Teemad

SÜT ja VÜK · Jaguvus ja tegurdamine

Lahendused

Lahendus

Solution:

Answer: yes. The key to the proof is noting that if we add two positive integers and the result is an integer consisting only of digits 99 then the process of addition must have gone without any carries. Therefore it is enough to prove that there exists an integer kk such that 3993k3993 k is of the form 999…9999\ldots 9.

Consider the first 39943994 positive integers consisting only of digits 99:

9,99,999,…,999…9⏟3994.9,99,999, \ldots, \underbrace{999 \ldots 9}_{3994} .

By the pigeonhole principle some two of these give the same remainder upon division by 39933993, so their difference

99…9⏟n00…0⏟r=99…9⏟n⋅10r\underbrace{99 \ldots 9}_{n} \underbrace{00 \ldots 0}_{r}=\underbrace{99 \ldots 9}_{n} \cdot 10^{r}

is divisible by 39933993. Since 1010 and 39933993 are coprime we get an integer consisting only of digits 99 and divisible by 39933993.

Võistluse kontekst

Balti Tee tulemused 1997

11 võistkonda

Keskmine tulemus
3,4 / 5
4 või 5 punkti
7 / 11
Eesti
5 / 5

Punktijaotus

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Poland5 / 5
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Finland5 / 5
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